What factors influence the survival of bacteria in soil?

The survival of bacteria in soil is significantly influenced by moisture, temperature, pH, and organic matter.

Moisture is crucial for bacterial survival as it facilitates metabolic processes and nutrient transport. Without sufficient water, bacteria cannot thrive or reproduce. Temperature affects the enzymatic activities of bacteria; each species has an optimal temperature range for growth and activity. pH levels influence bacterial species composition and metabolic functions, as certain bacteria thrive in specific pH ranges. Organic matter serves as a vital energy and nutrient source for bacteria, promoting their growth and activity.

Considering these factors, option B encapsulates the essential elements that create a suitable environment for bacteria, ensuring their survival and proliferation in the soil ecosystem. This understanding is key to soil microbiology and helps in various applications, including agriculture and environmental management.