What can affect the performance of surface application systems?

The performance of surface application systems is significantly influenced by groundwater levels and soil type. Groundwater levels determine the moisture content available in the soil, which directly affects how efficiently water and nutrients move through the soil profile. Moreover, soil type plays a crucial role in determining the infiltration rate, drainage capacity, and retention of water and nutrients.

For instance, sandy soils typically allow for quicker drainage and may require more frequent applications of water and nutrients compared to clay soils, which retain moisture but may lead to pooling or runoff. Understanding the relationship between groundwater levels and the specific characteristics of the soil ensures that surface application systems are designed and operated effectively to optimize both efficiency and environmental sustainability.

While the other factors listed, such as seasonal rain levels, humidity, and nearby vegetation, can certainly influence certain aspects of agricultural practices or surface systems, they do not have the direct and critical impact on the efficiency of application systems as groundwater levels and soil type do.